PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.